Phenomenon of alienation in the historical perspective

Analysis of approaches to the concept of alienation makes it possible to determine historical factors contributing to formation of the phenomenon of alienation. Significance of the historical and philosophical analysis of the problem of alienation is determined by the modern processes of globalization, which are reflected in the social adaptation of a person, his search for identity, formation of the moral and ethical value system, as well as in development of the personal potential. Globalization opens a vast space to a person in developing and applying his abilities and expands interpersonal ties. However, a person becomes a hostage to modern trends in the society development (individualization, consumer attitude, informatization, dynamics of value-semantic guidelines, etc.), which force him to spontaneously and repeatedly adapt to the changing conditions. This leads to moral instability, decrease in the personal potential, social stratification and inequality, which ultimately provokes alienation in various manifestations: in relation to activity, in relation to other people and in relation to oneself. The phenomenon of alienation was analyzed from the standpoint of foreign alienation concepts in the period of the New Age and before the beginning of the 20th century. In particular, the paper reflects main views on the problem of alienation of supporters of the “social contract” (T. Hobbes, J. Locke, J.-J. Rousseau) and representatives of the German classical philosophy (I. Kant, J.G. Fichte, G.W.F. Hegel, L. Feuerbach). Features of the concept of alienation in the philosophy of K. Marx and certain views of his followers within the Frankfurt School frames and existentialism (M. Horkheimer, T. Adorno, G. Marcuse, E. Fromm, J.-P. Sartre, A. Camus) are revealed. Representatives of these concepts mulled over various forms of manifestation of alienation (legal, economic, social and spiritual) and looked for their sources in the external circumstances, in the religious foundations of the society development and in the internal state of the person himself.

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