Bioethics and environmental ethics in modern society

The paper deals with two mental innovations as responses to risks that appeared in modern society. One of the mental innovations is represented by bioethics, which is interpreted as the mental response of the scientific elite of mankind to the challenge of history in the face of medical and biological risks. Bioethics demonstrates the innovative development of ethical knowledge, posing unconventional problems for philosophers, doctors, biologists, psychologists, and healthcare organizers. The study reveals the basic principles of bioethics and methods of ethical regulation of biomedical research. The second mental innovation, closely related to the first one, is environmental ethics. The study formulates postulates that serve as a conceptual basis for environmental ethics and explores the content of the concept of the ecological imperative. The ecological imperative is characterized as a mental response of the scientific elite of mankind to the challenge of history in the form of the threat of a planetary ecological catastrophe. A social system capable of subordinating its activities to the requirements of an ecological imperative is qualified as rational. Such a society arises as a result of co-evolution — the coordinated development of nature and society guided by the collective mind. In this case, the state of the biosphere and society becomes the noosphere.

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