Scientific analysis of mental characteristics of social groups

The paper focuses on the innovative potential and the mediative way of thinking of the intellectual elite, through which the latter creatively develops ideas about the highest values of society. Within the research, we reveal the regularity of the increasing role of the mentality of the intellectual elite in the development of information society. Furthermore, we describe the characteristics of the mentality of the political elite, which carries out the current management practice based on the results of the interpretation of cultural meanings by representatives of the intellectual elite. We demonstrate the condition for the sustainable development of society, consisting in the harmonious interaction of mentalities of the spiritual elite, the ruling elite and the masses. The study shows that as a source of progressive changes in the society, not only constructive differences in the mentality of elites and the masses can appear, but also constructive differences in the mentality of other social groups — ethnic, age, territorial, professional, confessional. The evidence is given that the concept of assimilation that arose in emigrant countries does not correspond to the provision on the measure of the difference in the mentality of civilizations necessary for progress. On the contrary, the model of mosaic multiculturalism ignores the provision on the measure of the necessary mental similarity. The variant of integrative multiculturalism presented in the paper corresponds to the law of the measure of mental difference and the similarity of social groups as a condition for progress. This option is proposed to be included in the basis of the ethnic policy of Russia and other countries

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