System-pluralistic paradigm in the scientific knowledge methodology

Two major methodological paradigms are competing in history of the methodological science; they are monism and pluralism. The monistic paradigm states that scientific knowledge differs from its other types (everyday, mythological, artistic, religious and philosophical) by a special universal method (Descartes, Bacon, Mill, Hegel, Husserl, logical positivists, Popper). According to the pluralistic paradigm, any universal scientific method is missing. Real science uses not only different, but also the opposing cognition methods. They include experience and thinking, observation and description, induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and idealization, interpretation and statement, generalization and concretization, confirmation and refutation, hypotheses and conclusions, material and thought experiment, intuition and logic, as well as design and its implementation. Two approaches to pluralism compete in the modern scientific knowledge methodology: additive (P. Feyerabend) and system-pluralistic (S.A. Lebedev). The paper substantiates best correspondence of the system-pluralistic paradigm to real science.

 EDN ALWJER

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