Constructive interrelation of the empirical and theoretical knowledge in science

The paper considers empirical and theoretical levels of knowledge as the fundamentals in science. The empirical level describes properties, relations and laws of certain aspects in the sensory models of real objects. The theoretical level depicts properties, relations and laws of a certain set of the ideal objects as a theoretical construct in thinking. It is shown that the scientific knowledge empirical and theoretical levels differ not only in ontology, but also in the means of describing the objects and methods of constructing knowledge. The main methods in constructing the empirical knowledge include abstraction, generalization, hypothesis, and simple forms of the logical conclusions (comparison, classification, induction, deduction, and analogy). At the same time, theoretical knowledge is based on idealization, mental construction, axiomatic method, thought experiment, genetic-constructive method, empirical interpretation, as well as logical and mathematical conclusions. Despite significant ontological and methodological difference between the scientific knowledge empirical and theoretical levels, they are always being interconnected. The nature of this relationship and the mechanism of its operation are found as the main aspects of the relationship problem between the empirical and theoretical knowledge in science. The paper shows that relationship between the empirical and theoretical knowledge in science is not only of the formal-logical nature, but provides a substantive-constructive character. Its implementation mechanism appears to be a theory empirical interpretation. This relationship is a creativity based on the trial and error method without any guarantee of success in the proposed theory interpretation.

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