Philosophical and religious views of Archpriest Avvakum during the period of his activity in Pustozersk

The paper analyzes processes in formation of the theological and social views of the early Old Believers ideologist. It reveals prerequisites leading to alteration in ideological principles of the Russian church thought during the period of reforms started by Patriarch Nikon. Philosophical views of one of the Old Believers adherents were analyzed in relation to the basic dogmatic principles of the Orthodox doctrine. They included eschatology, understanding sanctity of the royal power and the patriarchate, ideas about the tsar image in the Russian religious environment, and admissibility of interaction with the post-reform Church. The influence degree of philosophical ideas of the Eastern patristic heritage and Russian national thought on this process is shown. Philosophical views that determine the Old Russian men attitude to the holiness of Church, and the factors that shaped the views on the Universal Church during the collapse of the Byzantine Empire are outlined. Attention is drawn to the stable connection between the social origin of Archpriest Avvakum and formation of his views on the moral component of the Old Russian Christian doctrine. Connection in the Orthodox people understanding between the religious principles and their personal moral qualities is indicated. Conclusions are drawn on dynamics of the Avvakum theological views during transformation in the external conditions of church life and attempts to create new forms in development of rituals in the unusual historical conditions.

EDN FWNWSA

References
[1] Borozdin A.P. Protopop Avvakum. Ocherk iz istorii umstvennoy zhizni russkogo obshchestva v XVIII veke [Archpriest Avvakum. Essay on the history of mental life in Russian society in the 18th century]. St. Petersburg, A.S. Suvorina Publ., 1900, 495 p.
[2] Myakotin V.A. Protopop Avvakum. Ego zhizn i deyatelnost [Archpriest Avvakum. His life and work]. St. Petersburg, Tipografiya Vysochayshe Utverzhdennya Tovarishchestvom “Obshchestvennaya Polza”, 1894, 160 p.
[3] Kizevetter A.A. Protopop Avvakum [Archpriest Avvakum]. Rostov-on-Don, Tipografiya Tovarishchestva “Obshchestvennaya Polza”, 1904, 28 p.
[4] Pascal P. Avvakum et les débuts du raskol. Walter de Gruyter, 1938 [In Russ.: Paskal P. Protopop Avvakum i nachalo raskola. Moscow, Yazyki Slavyanskoy kultury. Rukopisnye Pamyatniki Drevney Rusi Publ., 2016, 680 p.].
[5] Zenkovsky S.A. Russkoe staroobryadchestvo [Russian Old Believers]. Moscow, Institut DI-DIK, Kvadriga Publ., 2009, 688 p.
[6] Sarafanova (Demkova) N.S. Ideya raventstva lyudey v sochineniyakh protopopa Avvakuma [The idea of equality of people in writings of Archpriest Avvakum]. Trudy Otdela drevnerusskoy literatury [Proceedings of the Department of Medieval Russian Literature]. Moscow, Leningrad, AN SSSR Publ., 1958, vol. XIV, pp. 385–390.
[7] Malyshev V.A. Novye materialy o protopope Avvakume [New materials about Archpriest Avvakum]. Trudy Otdela drevnerusskoy literatury [Proceedings of the Department of Old Russian Literature]. Moscow, Leningrad, Nauka, AN SSSR Publ., 1965, vol. XXI, pp. 327–345.
[8] Avvakum (archpriest). Zhitie Protopopa Avvakuma, im samim napisannoe [Life of Archpriest Avvakum written by himself]. St. Petersburg, Tipografiya Tovarishchestva “Obshchestvennaya Polza”, 1861, 118 p.
[9] Subbotin N.I. Materialy dlya istorii raskola za pervoe vremya ego sushchestvovaniya, izdavaemoe Bratstvom sv. Petra Mitropolita [Materials for the history of schism during the first period of its existence published by the Brotherhood of St. Peter Metropolitan]. In 9 vols. Vol. 7. Moscow, Tipografiya E. Lessnera i Yu. Romana, 1885, 434 p.
[10] Bubnov N.Yu., Demkova N.S. Vnov naydennoe poslanie iz Moskvy v Pustozersk. “Vozveshchenie ot syna dykhovnogo ottsu dukhovnomu” i otvet protopopa Avvakuma (1676 g.) [A newly found message from Moscow to Pustozersk. “Announcement from a spiritual son to the spiritual father” and the answer of Archpriest Avvakum (1676)]. Trudy Otdela drevnerusskoy literatury [Proceedings of the Department of Medieval Russian Literature]. Leningrad, Nauka, Leningradskoe Otdelenie Publ., 1981, vol. XXXVI, pp. 127–150.
[11] Akty pistsovogo dela 60–80-kh godov XVII veka [Scribal acts of the 60–80s of the 17th century]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1990, 475 p.
[12] Rozhdestvensky N.V. K istorii borby s tserkovnymi besporyadkami, otgoloskami yazychestva i porokami v russkom bytu XVII v. (Chelobitnaya nizhegorodskikh svyashchennikov 1636 goda v svyazi s pervonachalnoy deyatelnostyu Ivana Neronova) [On the history of fight against church unrest, echoes of paganism and vices in Russian life in the 17th century. (Petition of the Nizhny Novgorod priests in 1636 in connection with the initial activities of Ivan Neronov). Chteniya v imperatorskom Obshchestve istorii i drevnostey rossiyskikh pri Moskovskom universitete 1902 g. [Readings at the Imperial Society of Russian History and Antiquities at the Moscow University in 1902]. In 4 books. Book 2. Moscow, Universitetskaya Tipografiya, 1902, pp. 1–31.
[13] Russkaya Istoricheskaya Biblioteka, izdavaemaya postoyannoy istoriko-arkheograficheskoy komissiey Akademii Nauk SSSR. T. 39. Pamyatniki istorii staroobryadchestva XVII v. Kniga Pervaya. Vypusk 1 [Russian Historical Library published by the permanent historical and archaeographic commission of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Vol. 39. Monuments of history of the Old Believers of the 17th century. Book one. Issue I]. Leningrad, USSR Academy of Sciences Publ., 1927, 960 p.
[14] Demkova N.S. Sochineniya protopopa Avvakuma i publitsisticheskaya literatura rannego staroobryadchestva. Materialy i issledovaniya [Works of Archpriest Avvakum and journalistic literature on the early Old Believers. Materials and research]. St. Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg University Publ., 1998, 329 p.
[15] Demkova N.S. Neizvestnye i neizdannye teksty iz sochineniy protopopa Avvakuma [Unknown and unpublished texts from the works of Archpriest Avvakum]. Trudy Otdela drevnerusskoy literatury [Proceedings of the Department of Medieval Russian Literature]. Moscow, Leningrad, USSR Academy of Sciences Publ., 1960, vol. XVI, pp. 257–269.
[16] Nikon (Patriarch). Trudy [Works]. Moscow, Moscow University Publ., 2004, 1260 p.
[17] Robinson A.N. Zhizneopisaniya Avvakuma i Epifaniya. Issledovanie i teksty [Lives of Avvakum and Epiphanius. Research and texts]. Moscow, USSR Academy of Sciences Publ., 1963, 314 p.
[18] Avvakum (archpriest). Sobranie tvoreniy [Collection of creations]. St. Petersburg, Izdatelskiy Proekt “Kvadrivium” Publ., 2017, 1232 p.