“Regulating the matter of standardization”: restructuring normative and technical work of the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR in 1940

The paper considers operation of the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR as a body in normative and technical regulation. Previously, this issue was not an independent research task. Its role is shown in the Government work and organizational technologies in preparing and decision-making. Problems related to state standards are a part of the general problems in operation of the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR as a regulatory and technical body (its activities covered issues of all types of production, construction, transport, rules for agricultural procurement, supplies, planning and pricing, contractual work and arbitration). Normative and technical regulation was projected into decisions of the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR at all historical stages of its operation, but the degree of the top management body participation in regulatory and technical work was varying. Practice that emerged in the 1930s left the priorities in developing and implementing technical policy to the departments. Role of the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR was increasingly reduced to approving acts according to the nomenclature assigned to it. Increasing complexity of the system of departments and economic life, tasks of the pre-war mobilization and decrease in controlling production quality led to transition to a new model in summer of 1940. Establishment of a specialized management body under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR, i.e. the All-Union Committee for Standardization (AUCS) became a component in comprehensive transformation of regulating economy in the pre-war USSR. In terms of its powers and personnel composition, the AUCS was intended for expert, normative and organizational support in development and implementation of the USSR Government mobilization technical policy.

EDN FEQMXU

References
[1] Gapanovich V.A. Tekhnicheskoe regulirovanie. Pravovye aspekty reform. Kommentariy k Federalnomu zakonu “O tekhnicheskom regulirovanii” [Technical regulation. Legal aspects of the reform. Commentary on the Federal Law “On Technical Regulation”]. Moscow, Nauchnyi Ekspert Publ., 2010, p. 36.
[2] Morev V.A. K istorii sovetskoy Standartizatsii v 1918–1945 gg. [On the Soviet standardization in 1918–1945]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta — Tomsk State University Journal, 2014, no. 3, pp. 130–134.
[3] Postanovlenie SNK SSSR ot 26.06.1936 No. 1123 “O peorganizatsii dela Standartizatsii” [Resolution of the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR dated June 26, 1936 No. 1123 “On reorganization of the matter of standardization”.] Sobranie zakonov i rasporyazheniy Raboche-krestyanskogo pravitelstva [Collection of laws and orders of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Government of the USSR], 1936, no. 33, pp. 498, 499.
[4] Perechen standartov, utverzhdaemykh Narkomlesom Soyuza SSR. Prilozhenie k postanovleniyu SNK SSSR ot 04.05.1937 No. 730 “O perechne produktsii lesnoy promyshlennosti, standarty na kotoruyu utverzhdayutsya Sovetom Narodnykh Komissarov Soyuza SSR i Narodnym Komissariatom Lesnoy Promyshlennosti SSR” [List of standards approved by the People’s Commissariat of Forestry of the USSR Appendix to the Resolution of the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR dated 04.05.1937 No. 730 “On the list of forest industry products, the standards for which are approved by the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR and the People’s Commissariat of the Forestry Industry of the USSR”]. Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiyskoy Federatsii [State Archive of the Russian Federation], f. 5446, op. 81a, no. 55.
[5] Postanovlenie SNK SSSR ot 14.02.1937 “O perechne produktsii tyazheloy promyshlennosti, standarty na kotoruyu utverzhdayutsya Sovetom Narodnykh Komissarov SSR i Narodnym Komissariatom Tyazheloy Promyshlennosti” [Resolution of the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR dated February 14, 1937 No 241 “On the list of heavy industry products, the standards for which are approved by the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR and the People’s Commissariat of Heavy Industry”]. Sobranie zakonov i rasporyazheniy Raboche-krestyanskogo pravitelstva SSSR [Collection of laws and orders of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Government of the USSR], 1937, no. 15, art. 48.
[6] Postanovlenie SNK SSSR ot 11.03.1937 No. 392 “Ob utverzhdenii Perechnya standartov, razrabatyvaemykh Komitetom po Zagotovkam Selskokhozyaistvennykh Produktov pri SNK Soyuza SSR” [Resolution of the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR dated March 11, 1937 No. 392 “On approval of the List of standards developed by the Committee for the Procurement of Agricultural Products under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR”]. Sobranie zakonov i rasporyazheniy Raboche-krestyanskogo pravitelstva SSSR [Collection of laws and orders of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Government of the USSR], no. 19, art. 73.
[7] Partsiy Ya. Otvetstvennost za nedobrokachestvennuyu produktsiyu [Responsibility for substandard products]. Prilozhenie k zhurnalu “Khozyaystvo i pravo” — Supplement to the journal “Economy and Law”, 2000, no. 9, p. 63.
[8] XVIII syezd Vsesoyuznoy kommunisticheskoy partii (b) 10–21 marta 1939 g.: Stenograficheskiy otchet [XVIII Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (b) March 10–21, 1939: Verbatim report]. Moscow, Gospolitizdat Publ., 1939, 744 p.
[9] Postanovlenie EKOSO pri SNK SSSR No. 249 ot 22 fevralya 1940 g. “Ob uporyadochenii dela Standartizatsii” [Resolution of ECOCO under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR No. 249 of February 22, 1940 “On regulating the matter of standardization”]. Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiyskoy Federatsii [State Archive of the Russian Federation], f. 4372, op. 38, no. 72.
[10] Postanovlenie EKOSO pri SNK SSSR No. 183 ot 5 fevralya 1940 g. “O standarte na superfosfat” [Resolution of ECOCO under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR No. 183 of February 5, 1940 “On the standard for superphosphate”]. Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyi arkhiv ekonomiki [Russian State Archive of Economics], f. 4372, op. 38, no. 17.
[11] Postanovlenie EKOSO pri SNK SSSR No. 8 ot 2 yanvarya 1940 g. “O standarte i tsenakh na spichki” [Resolution of ECOCO under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR No. 8 of January 2, 1940 “On the standard and prices for matches”]. Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyi arkhiv ekonomiki [Russian State Archive of Economics], f. 4372, op. 38, no. 15.
[12] Postanovlenie SNK SSSR ot 13 avgusta 1937 g. “O standarte i konditsiyakh na sortovoe zerno iz urozhaya 1937 g.” [Resolution of the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR dated August 13, 1937 “On prices and conditions for high-quality grain from the 1937 harvest”]. Sobranie zakonov i rasporyazheniy Raboche-krestyanskogo pravitelstva SSSR [Collection of laws and orders of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Government of the USSR], 1937, no. 57, art. 243.
[13] Prikaz po Narodnomu Komissariatu Zagotovok Soyuza SSR No. 196 ot 5 marta 1940 g. “Ob izmenenii norm vykhoda muki” [Order of the People’s Commissariat of Procurement of the USSR No. 196 dated March 5, 1940 “On changing flour yield standards”]. Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyi arkhiv ekonomiki [Russian State Archive of Economics], f. 4372, op. 38, no. 18.
[14] Postanovlenie EKOSO pri SNK SSSR No. 104 ot 19 yanvarya 1940 g. “O balansakh i planakh materialno-tekhnicheskogo snabzheniya narodnogo khozyaystva na 1940 god i I kvartal 1940 goda” [Resolution of ECOCO under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR No. 104 of January 19, 1940 “On balances and plans for material and technical supply of the national economy for 1940 and the first quarter of 1940”]. Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyi arkhiv ekonomiki [Russian State Archive of Economics], f. 4372, op. 38, no. 15.
[15] Postanovlenie EKOSO pri SNK SSSR No. 405 ot 20 marta 1940 g. “O normakh raskhoda metalla na 1 tonnu prokata i trub” [Resolution of ECOCO under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR No. 405 of March 20, 1940 “On the norms of metal consumption per 1 ton of rolled steel and pipes”]. Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyi arkhiv ekonomiki [Russian State Archive of Economics], f. 4372, op. 38, no. 18.
[16] Postanovlenie Ekonomicheskogo Soveta pri SNK SSSR No. 700 ot 20 maya 1940 g. “O rabote sakharnoy promyshlennosti Narkompishcheproma SSSR” [Resolution of the Economic Council under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR No. 700 of May 20, 1940 “On the work of the sugar industry of the People’s Commissariat of Food Industry of the USSR”]. Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyi arkhiv ekonomiki [Russian State Archive of Economics], f. 4372, op. 38, no. 20.
[17] Preyskurant roznichnykh tsen na myaso i myasoprodukty za 1 kilogramm. Prilozhenie No. 1 k Postanovleniyu Ekonomsoveta pri SNK SSSR No. 118 ot 22 yanvarya 1940 g. [Price list of retail prices for meat and meat products per 1 kilogram. Appendix No. 1 to the Resolution of the Economic Council under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR No. 118 of January 22, 1940]. Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyi arkhiv ekonomiki [Russian State Archive of Economics], f. 4372, op. 38, no. 16, part 2.
[18] Dopolnitelnyi preyskurant roznichnykh tsen na sherstyanye tkani i shtuchnye izdeliya proizvodstva predpriyatiy gosudarstvennoy sherstyanoy promyshlennosti. Utverzhden Ekonomicheskim Sovetom pri SNK SSSR 3 marta 1940 g. [Additional price list of retail prices for woolen fabrics and piece goods produced by enterprises of the state wool industry. Approved by the Economic Council under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR on March 3, 1940]. Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyi arkhiv ekonomiki [Russian State Archive of Economics], f. 4372, op. 38, no. 18.
[19] Preyskurant optovo-otpusknykh tsen na avialesomaterialy i aviapilomaterialy po OSTam No.No. 313, 314, 315 i 316 dlya vsekh rayonov franko-vagon stantsiya otpravitelya, a dlya kryazhey, krome togo, franko-voda punkt priplava i franko-dvor potrebitelya pri neposredstvennoy vyvozke lesa na rasstoyanie do 35 kilometrov. Prilozhenie k Postanovleniyu Ekonomsoveta pri SNK SSSR No. 314 ot 05.03.1940 g. [Price list of wholesale prices for aircraft timber and aircraft lumber according to OST Nos. 313, 314, 315 and 316 for all areas free-carriage station of departure, and for ridges, in addition, free-water arrival point and free-yard consumer at direct removal from the forest at a distance of up to 35 kilometers. Appendix to the Resolution of the Economic Council under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR No. 314 of March 05, 1940]. Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyi arkhiv ekonomiki [Russian State Archive of Economics], f. 4372, op. 38, no. 18.
[20] Preyskurant zagotovitelnykh tsen na pukh i pero rassevykh zagotovok za 1 kg. Prilozhenie k Postanovleniyu EKOSO pri SNK SSSR No. 194 ot 9 fevralya 1940 g. [Price list of procurement prices for down and feather sieving blanks per 1 kg. Appendix to the Decree of ECOCO under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR No. 194 of February 9, 1940]. Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyi arkhiv ekonomiki [Russian State Archive of Economics], f. 4372, op. 38, no. 17.
[21] Postanovlenie EKOSO pri SNK SSSR No. 161 ot 3 fevralya 1940 g. “Ob obmene sortovykh semyan yarovykh kultur dlya poseva 1940 goda” [Resolution of ECOCO under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR No. 161 of February 3, 1940 “On the exchange of varietal seeds of spring crops for sowing in 1940”]. Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyi arkhiv ekonomiki [Russian State Archive of Economics], f. 4372, op. 38, no. 17.
[22] Postanovlenie EKOSO pri SNK SSSR ot 17 maya 1940 g, “Ob avarii turbiny 50 MGVT na Stalinogorskoy GRES” (“Ne podlezhit oglasheniyu”) [Resolution of ECOCO under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR dated May 17, 1940 No. 691 “On the accident of the 50 MGW turbine at the Stalinogorsk State District Power Plant” (“Not subject to disclosure”)]. Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyi arkhiv ekonomiki [Russian State Archive of Economics], f. 4372, op. 38, no. 20.
[23] Proekt Postanovleniya SNK SSSR “Ob uluchshenii dela sttandartizatsii” s soprovoditelnym pismom A. Vyshinskogo V. Molotovu ot 25 maya 1940 g. [Draft of the Resolution of the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR “On improving the matter of standardization” with an accompanying letter by A. Vyshinsky to V. Molotov dated May 25, 1940]. Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiyskoy Federatsii [State Archive of the Russian Federation], f. 5446, op. 81a, no. 55.
[24] Postanovlenie SNK SSSR ot 3 aprelya 1940 g. No. 436 “O perestroyke raboty Ekonomsoveta” [Resolution of the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR dated April 3, 1940 No. 436 “On restructuring the work of the Economic Council”]. Oboronno-promyshlennyi kompleks SSSR nakanune Velikoy Otechestvennoy (1938 – June 1941) [The military-industrial complex of the USSR on the eve of the Great Patriotic War (1938 – June 1941)]. Moscow, Knizhnyi Klub Knigovek Publ., 2015, 1120 p.
[25] Postanovlenie EKOSO pri SNK SSSR ot 22 aprelya 1940 g. No. 584 “O peredache ryada voprosov na reshenie Khozyaystvennykh sovetov pri SNK SSSR” [Resolution of ECOCO under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR dated April 22, 1940 No. 584 “On the transfer of a number of issues to the decision of the Economic Councils under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR”]. Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyi arkhiv ekonomiki [Russian State Archive of Economics], f. 4372, op. 38, no. 19.
[26] Raportichki o postupivshikh voprosakh v Sovet po tovaram shirokogo potrebleniya pri Sovete Narodnykh Komissarov Soyuza SSR za 1940 god [Reports on questions received by the Council on Consumer Goods under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR for 1940]. Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiyskoy Federatsii [State Archive of the Russian Federation], f. 5446, op.41b, no. 4.
[27] Protokol No. 4 Zasedaniya po metallurgii i khimii pri Sovete Narodnykh Komissarov SSSR ot 07.06.1940 [Minutes No. 4 of the Meeting of the Council on Metallurgy and Chemistry under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR dated June 7, 1940]. Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiyskoy Federatsii [State Archive of the Russian Federation], f. 5446, op. 41a, no. 1.
[28] Khlevnyuk O.V. Khozyain. Stalin i utverzhdenie stalinskoy diktatury [Master. Stalin and establishment of the Stalinist dictatorship]. Moscow, ROSSPEN Publ., 2010, 478 p.
[29] Protokoly soveschaniy u Zam. Predsedatelya SNK SSSR t. Pervukhina M.G. s 03.07 po 26.10.1940 [Meetings minutes with the Deputy Chairman of the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR Comrade M.G. Pervukhin from 03.07. to 26.10.1940]. Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiyskoy Federatsii [State Archive of the Russian Federation], f. 5446, op. 41a, no. 2.
[30] Postanovlenie Ekonomsoveta pri SNK SSSR ot 09.07.1940 No. “O utverzhdenii Instruktsii Narkomzaga “O poryadke provedeniya obyazatelnykh postavok zerna i risa gosudarstu kolkhozami i edinolichnymi khozyaistvami” [Resolution of the Economic Council under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR dated July 07, 1940 No. 1235 “On approval of the Instruction of the People’s Commissariat of Procurement “On the procedure for mandatory supplies of grain and rice to the state by collective farms and individual farms”]. Sobranie postanovleniyu i rasporyazheniy pravitelstva Soyuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik [Collection of resolutions and orders of the Government of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics], 1940, no. 18, pp. 615–636.
[31] Kopiya telegrammy Bulganinu ot 28/06/1940 iz Nizhney Saldy ot zamnarkoma Chernoy Metallurgii Merkulova [Copy of a telegram to Bulganin dated June 28, 1940 from Nizhnyaya Salda from Deputy People’s Commissar of Ferrous Metallurgy Merkulov]. Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiyskoy Federatsii [State Archive of the Russian Federation], f. 5446, op. 41a, no. 3.
[32] Postanovlenie SNK SSSR i TsK VKP(b) ot 9 iyulya 1940 g. No. 1211 “O gosudarstvennykh obshchesoyuznykh standartakh i poryadke ikh vedeniya” [Resolution of the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks dated July 9, 1940 No. 1211 “On the state all-Union standards and the procedure for their maintenance”]. Sobranie postanovleniyu i rasporyazheniy pravitelstva Soyuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik [Collection of resolutions and orders of the Government of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics], 1940, no. 20, art. 485.
[33] Polozhenie o Vsesoyuznom Komitete po Standartizatsii pri Sovnarkome SSSR. Utverzhdeno Postanovleniem Sovnarkoma SSSR ot 23.08.19940 No. 1523 “O Vsesoyuznom Komitete po Standartizatsii pri Sovnarkome SSSR [Regulations on the All-Union Committee for Standardization under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR. Approved by Resolution of the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR dated August 23, 1940 No. 1523 “On the All-Union Committee for Standardization under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR”]. Sobranie postanovleniyu i rasporyazheniy pravitelstva Soyuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik [Collection of resolutions and orders of the Government of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics], 1940, no. 22, p. 545.
[34] Postanovlenie SNK SSSR ot 10.10.1940 No.948 “Ob pereimenovanii Vsesoyuznogo Komiteta po Standartizatsii pri Sovnarkome SSSR vo Vsesoyuznyi Komitet Standartov pri Sovnarkome SSSR [Resolution of the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR dated October 10, 1940 No. 948 “On the renaming of the All-Union Committee for Standardization under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR into the All-Union Committee of Standards under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR”]. Sobranie postanovleniyu i rasporyazheniy pravitelstva Soyuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik [Collection of resolutions and orders of the Government of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics], 1940, no. 28, p. 948.
[35] Ukaz Prezidiuma Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR ot 10.07.1940 “Ob otvetstvennosti za vypusk nedobrokachestvennoy ili nekompletnoy produktsii i za nesoblyudenie obyazatelnykh standartov promyshlennymi predpriyatiyami” [Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated July 10, 1940 “On liability for the production of poor-quality or incomplete products and for failure to comply with mandatory standards by industrial enterprises”]. Sbornik zakonov SSSR i ukazov Prezidiuma Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR. 1938–1944 gg. [Collection of laws of the USSR and decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. 1938–1944]. Moscow, Vedomosti Verkhovnogo soveta SSSR Publ., 1945, pp. 241, 242.
[36] Kopiya dokladnoy prokurora SSSR Bochkova ot 23 avgusta 1940 g. v SNK SSSR [Copy of the report of the USSR Prosecutor Bochkov dated August 23, 1940 to the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR]. Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiyskoy Federatsii [State Archive of the Russian Federation], f. 5446, op. 24a, no. 169.
[37] Postanovlenie Plenuma TsK VKP(b) ot 31 iyulya 1940 g. “O kontrole nad provedeniem v zhizn Ukaza Prezidiuma Verkhovnogo Soveta SSSR ot 26 iyunya 1940 g. “O perekhode na vosmichasovoy rabochiy den, na semidnevnuyu rabochuyu nedelyu i o zapreshchenii samovolnogo ukhoda rabochikh i sluzhashchikh s predpriyatiy i uchrezhdeniya”. 1941 god [Resolution of the Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks dated July 31, 1940 “On control over the implementation of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated June 26, 1940 “On the transition to an eight-hour working day, to a seven-day working week and the prohibition of unauthorized departure of workers and employees from enterprises and institutions.” 1941]. In 2 books. Book 1. Moscow, Mezhdunarodnyi Fond “Demokratiya” Publ., 1998, pp. 139–143.
[38] Shtatnoe raspisanie [Staffing table]. Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyi arkhiv ekonomiki [Russian State Archive of Economics], f. 4460, op. 1, d. 71, pp. 2–12.
[39] Protokol No. 14 Zasedaniya Soveta po Metallurgii i Khimii pri Sovete Narodnykh Komissarov SSSR ot 08.08.1940 [Minutes No. 14 of the Meeting of the Council for Metallurgy and Chemistry under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR dated August 8, 1940]. Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiyskoy Federatsii [State Archive of the Russian Federation], f. 5446, op. 41a, no. 1.
[40] Otchet o rabote Vsesoyuznogo Komiteta Standartov pri Sovnarkome Soyuza SSR za 1940 g. [Report on the work of the All-Union Committee of Standards under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR for 1940]. Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyi arkhiv ekonomiki [Russian State Archive of Economics], f. 4460, op. 1, no. 69.
[41] Otchet ob organizatsii rabot po standartizatsii po otdelnym otraslyam narodnogo khozyaystva [Report on the organization of standardization work in individual sectors of the national economy]. Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyi arkhiv ekonomiki [Russian State Archive of Economics], f. 4460, op. 1, no. 66.
[42] Postanovlenie EKOSO pri SNK SSSR 15 noyabrya 1940 g. No. 1829 “Ob ustanovlenii norm raskhoda benzina dlya legkovykh avtomashin” [Resolution of ECOCO under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR dated November 15, 1940 No. 1829 “On establishing gasoline consumption standards for passenger cars”]. Sobranie postanovleniyu i rasporyazheniy pravitelstva Soyuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik [Collection of resolutions and orders of the Govern-ment of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics], 1940, no. 30, pp. 1020–1023.
[43] Postanovlenie EKOSO pri SNK SSSR 18 noyabrya 1940 g. No. 1834 “O tekhnicheskikh normakh raskhoda avtobenzina i smazochnykh materialov dlya avtotransporta” Resolution of EKOCO under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR dated November 18, 1940 No. 1834 “On technical standards for the consumption of gasoline and lubricants for vehicles”]. Sobranie postanovleniyu i rasporyazheniy pravitelstva Soyuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik [Collection of resolutions and orders of the Government of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics], 1940, no. 30, pp. 1024–1026.
[44] Postanovlenie Ekonomicheskogo Soveta pri SNK Soyuza SSR ot 12 sentyabrya 1940 g. No. 1541 “O zamene probkovoy kory dlya izgotovleniya spasatelnykh priborov drugim nedefitsitnym syryem Resolution of the Economic Council under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR of September 12, 1940 No. 1541. “On the replacement of cork bark for the manufacture of life-saving devices with other non-scarce raw materials”]. Sobranie postanovleniyu i rasporyazheniy pravitelstva Soyuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik [Collection of resolutions and orders of the Government of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics], 1940, no. 25, pp. 867.
[45] Postanovlenie Ekonomicheskogo Soveta pri Sovnarkome SSSR No. 1624-481s ot 03.10.1940 “O postavke Zlatoustovskim zavodom Narkomata Chernoy metallurgii nedobrokachestvennoy stali marku XMA zavodu No. 92 Narkomata vooruzheniya” [Resolution of the Economic Council under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR No. 1624-481s dated October 03, 1940 “On the supply by the Zlatoust plant of the People’s Commissariat of Ferrous Metallurgy of low-quality steel of the XMA grade to plant No. 92 of the People’s Commissariat of Arms”]. Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyi arkhiv ekonomiki [Russian State Archive of Economics], f. 7516 (People’s Commissariat of Ammunition), op. 1, no. 579.
[46] Protokol No. 17 zasedaniya Soveta po toplivu i elektrokhozyaystvu pri SNK SSSR ot 16 iyulya 1940 g. [Minutes No. 17 of the meeting of the Council on Fuel and Electrical Facilities under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR dated July 16, 1940]. Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiyskoy Federatsii [State Archive of the Russian Federation], f. 5446. op. 41a, no. 4.