The Third State Duma and the Legislative Regulation of the State of Emergency in 1907–1908

The problem of legislative regulation of the state of emergency in the Third State Duma is studied, which was in force on the basis of the Regulation of August 14, 1881 “On Measures for the Protection of State Order and Public Peace”, and which required revision in accordance with the transformations of the political system of 1905–1906. Parliamentary debates of 1907–1908 are comprehensively examined as an independent historical phenomenon, through which the evolution of approaches to emergency management under the conditions of the Duma monarchy is demonstrated. The positions of various factions represented by parliament deputies on the issues of updating and extending the permanently operating regime of governance under the conditions of persisting revolutionary risks and continuing violations of public order are analyzed. Attention is focused on the interrelation of inter-factional disagreements and institutional contradictions between the branches of power, which influenced the ultimate inability to adopt updated emergency legislation. The argumentation of the executive bodies, including the Ministry of Internal Affairs, in defense of preserving the exceptional regime is presented, and the reasons for the absence of a compromise solution between the parliament and the supreme authority are also examined. It is concluded that the debates in the Third State Duma testified to institutional contradictions, where the parliament's desire to participate in the regulation of emergency measures encountered the conservative position of the executive branch and the factions affiliated with it. It is noted that the preservation of the outdated legal mechanism for extending the exceptional regime of governance on the basis of previous emergency laws resulted in an increasing imbalance between the branches of power and increased the risks of legal uncertainty in the adoption of such measures.

EDN  TONLET

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