The formation of the concepts of “consent” and “conflict” in the history of philosophical thought

The article analyzes the concepts of “consent” and “conflict” in different historical periods. The problem of consent in society is identified and the original concept of the best state structure is presented. It is concluded that the social order comes with full consent and harmony of all social elements of society, integrity and public consent are the interaction of subjects in an effort to understand each other, in the act of communication the truth is revealed, which is based on understanding, freedom and good, they are interconnected. Three main approaches to the interpretation of these concepts are identified: consensus, conflictological and polyvariant, which is best suited to the modern realities of the development of society.

References
[1] Kalyanov V.I., ed. Artkhashastra, ili Nauka politiki [Arthashastra, or the Science of Politics]. Moscow, Ladomir, Nauka Publ., 1993, 794 p.
[2] Hadot P. Plotin ou la Simplicité du regard. Paris, Filosofen Publ., 1973. [In Russ.: Hadot P. Plotin, ili Prostota vzglyada. Moscow, Greko-latinskiy kabinet Yu.A. Shichalina Publ., 1991, 140 p.].
[3] Abakumov S.A. Grazhdanskoe obschestvo v Rossii (ot drevney Rusi do nashikh dney) [Civil Society in Russia (from ancient Russia to the present day)]. In: Avtorskaya seriya «Na puti k grazhdanskomu obshchestvu» [Author’s series “On the way to civil society”]. Moscow, Imidzh-Press Publ., 2004, 123 p.
[4] Plato Gosudarstvo [State]. In: Sochineniya [Works]. In 3 vols., vol. 3. Moscow, Mysl Publ., 1971, pp. 89–454.
[5] Plato. Politika, ili Gosudarstvo [Politics, or the State]. In: Plato, Aristotle. Politika: Nauka ob upravlenii gosudarstvom [The Science of Government]. Moscow, Eksmo Publ., 2003, pp. 7–306. (In Russ.).
[6] Aristotle. Politika [Politics]. In: Plato, Aristotle. Politika: Nauka ob upravlenii gosudarstvom [The Science of Government]. Moscow, Eksmo Publ., 2003, pp. 307–584. (In Russ.).
[7] Aristotle. Sochineniya [Works]. In 4 vols., vol. 4. Moscow, Mysl Publ., 1983, 830 p.
[8] Machiavelli N. The Prince. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press Publ., 1988 [In Russ.: Machiavelli N. Gosudar. Moscow, Planeta Publ., 1990, 79 p.].
[9] Aliyev M.G. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya (SOCIS) — Sociological Studies, 2003, no. 6, pp. 21–28.
[10] Varlamova N.V., Pakholenko N.B. Gosudarstvo i pravo — State and Law, 1992, no. 9, pp. 3–10.
[11] Hobbes T. On the Citizen. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press Publ. 1998, 306 p. [In Russ.: Hobbes T. O grazhdanine. In: Works. In 2 vols., vol. 1. Moscow, Mysl Publ., 1989, pp. 270–505].
[12] Hobbes T. Leviathan. Penguin Books Publ., 1981, 736 p. [In Russ.: Hobbes T. Leviafan. In: Semigin G.Yu., ed. Antologiya mirovoy politicheskoy mysli. V 5 tomakh. Vol. 1: Zarubezhnaya politicheskaya mysl: istoki i evolyutsiya. Moscow, Mysl Publ., 1997, 832 p.]
[13] Locke J. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Nidditch P.H., ed. UK, Oxford University Press Publ., 1979 [In Russ.: Locke J. Sochineniya. V 3 tomakh. Vol. 2. O stepenyakh soglasiya. Opyt o chelovecheskom razumenii. Moscow, Mysl Publ., 1985, pp. 137–148.]
[14] Aliyev M.G. Sotsializatsiya soglasiya [The socialization of consent]. Moscow, RAN, Institut filosofii Publ., 1998, 112 p.
[15] Bestuzhev-Lada N. Trud (Labor), 1994, April 1, p. 4.
[16] Rousseau J.-J. The social contract: or, Principles of political law. New York, Eckler Publ., 1893, 288 p. [In Russ.: Rousseau J.-J. Ob obschestvennom dogovore, ili Printsipy politicheskogo prava. Moscow, KANON-press, Kuchkovo pole Publ., 1998, 416 p.].
[17] Kant I. Eternal peace, and other international essays. Boston, The World Peace Foundation Publ., 1914 [In Russ.: Kant I. «K vechnomu miru» I. Kanta. Moscow, Moskovsky rabochiy Publ., 1989, 75 p.].
[18] Kant I. Sochineniya [Works]. In 6 vols., vol. 4, part 2. Moscow, Mysl Publ., 1965, 477 p. (In Russ.).
[19] Aleksandrov Yu. Rossiyskaya gazeta (The Russian newspaper), 1994, p. 2.
[20] Gibert V. Modelirovaniye budushchego [Modeling the future]. St. Petersburg, Ves Publ., 2013, 320 p.
[21] Lenin V.I. Krizis nazrel [The crisis is ripe]. In: Polnoye sobraniye sochineniy. V 55 tomakh. Vol. 34 [Full collection of works in 55 vols., vol. 34]. Moscow, Izd. politicheskoy literatury Publ., 1962, 584 p.
[22] Stepin B.C. Perspektivy tsivilizatsii: ot kulta sily k dialogu i soglasiyu [Prospects of civilization: from the cult of power to dialogue and harmony]. In: Etika nenasiliya [The ethics of non-violence]. Guseinov A.A., Apresyan R.G., eds. Moscow, 1991, pp. 66–76.
[23] Durkheim E. The Division of Labor in Society. USA, Illinois, The Free Press of Glencoe Publ., 1960 [In Russ.: Durkheim E. O razdelenii obschestvennogo truda. Metod sotsiologii. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1991, 572 p.].
[24] Weber M. Economy and society. University of California Press Publ., 1978 [In Russ.: Veber M. Khozyaystvo i obshchestvo. Moscow, GU VSHE, 2003, 267 p.].
[25] Gamayunov S.S. Obshchestvennyye nauki i sovremennost — Social Sciences and Contemporary World, 1994, no. 2, pp. 99–113.
[26] Parsons T. Strukturno-funktsionalnyy analiz v sovremennoy sotsiologii (Structural-functional analysis in modern sociology), Moscow, 1969, no. 2. pp. 138–162.
[27] Parsons T. THESIS, 1993, no. 1, pp. 94–122.
[28] Brucan S. Pluralism and Social Conflict: Social Analysis of the Communist World. Westport, Prager Publ., 1990 [In Russ.: Brucan S. Plyuralizm i sotsialnye konflikty: sotsialno-istoricheskiy analiz sotsialisticheskogo obshchestva. Moscow, Progress Publ., 1990, 256 p.].
[29] Lipset S.M. Novoe vremya — The New Times, 2005, no. 21, pp. 34–38.
[30] Lipset S.M. Consensus and Conflict: Essays in Political Sociology. New Brunswick, Transaction Books Publ., 2005, 375 p.
[31] Weber M. Izbrannyye proizvedeniya [Selected works]. Moscow, Progress Publ., 2010, 840 p. (In Russ.).
[32] Habermas J. Demokratiya. Razum. Nravstvennost [Democracy. Intelligence. Moral]. Moscow, Kami, Academia Publ., 1995, 244 p. (In Russ.).
[33] Coser L. Continuities in the Study of Social Conflict. New York, Free Press Publ., 2007, 272 p.
[34] Bikanin K.T. Tipologiya konfliktov R. Darendorfa [Typology of conflicts by R. Dahrendorf]. Moscow, INION RAN Publ., 1994, 142 p.
[35] Aliyev M.G. Soglasiye kak problema sotsialnoy filosofii. Diss. … dokt. filos. nauk. Avtoreferat [Consent as a problem of social philosophy. Dr. Philos. Sc. diss. abstract]. Moscow, 2000, 64 p.
[36] Zenkovsky V.V. Istoriya russkoy filosofii [History of Russian Philosophy]. Moscow, Akademicheskiy Proekt, Raritet Publ., 2001, 880 p.
[37] Sorokin P.A. Zavety Dostoevskogo [Dostoevsky’s messages]. In: O Dostoevskom: Tvorchestvo Dostoevskogo v russkoy mysli 1881–1931 gg. Sbornik statey [About Dostoevsky: Dostoevsky’s work in Russian thoughts 1881–1931. Digest of articles]. Moscow, Kniga Publ., 1990, 214 p.
[38] Gzhegorchik A. Voprosy filosofii — The Problems of Philosophy, 1992, no. 3, pp. 54–85.
[39] Solovyev V.S. Sochineniya [Works]. In 2 vols., vol. 2. Moscow, Pravda Publ., 1989, 552 p.
[40] Berdyaev N. Sudba Rossii [The destiny of Russia]. Moscow, Sovetskiy pisatel Publ., 1990, 348 p.
[41] Davtyan O.S. Borba i soglasiye [Fight and consent]. Moscow, Respublika Publ., 2001, 414 p.
[42] Zaretskaya N.Ya. Poisk putey dostizheniya obschestvennogo soglasiya — poisk spravedlivosti. Istoriko-filosofskiy ocherk [The search for ways to achieve social consent — the search for justice: a historical and philosophical essay]. In: Obschestvennoye soglasiye v Rossiyskoy Federatsii [Public consent in the Russian Federation]. Vorzhetsova A.G., ed. Kazan, KARPOL Publ., 1998, pp. 38–40.
[43] Sorokin P.A. Chelovek. Tsivilizatsiya. Obshchestvo [Human. Civilization. Society]. Moscow, Politizdat Publ., 1992, 542 p.
[44] Ilyin V.V., Panarin A.S., Akhiezer A.S. Reformy i kontrreformy v Rossii [Reforms and counter-reforms in Russia]. Moscow, MSU Publ., 1996, 400 p.