Normalizing violence: a security strategy and a contemporary form of the “political”

The discourse of security as a normalization of violence and the political slogan of digitalization can be presented as the essence of one thing — in perspective of biopolitics, which is a metaphysical concept in the paper, according to C. Schmitt, as a form adopted by the modernity. Zero level of violence, which is the goal of security policy, is interpreted in the liberal version of the political paradigm (G. Agamben) as legitimate systemic violence of the open access state (D. North); forms of subjective violence and revolutionary / absolute violence (W. Benjamin, S. Žižek) are interpreted in the horizon of intersecting consensus (J. Rawls) as delusion, resentment or ill will and must be eliminated through the use of the power of institutions (J. Elster). The socio-philosophical analysis of normalized violence undertaken in this study proves its constituency for the political community and manifests itself in the form of a solution that puts an end to endless discussion, and an instrument for ensuring security, understood through the creation of normal conditions for the reproduction and functioning of human capital as a factor of the liberal economic order; security is self-sufficiency of the subject’s present givenness by power-control. It is concluded that the dehumanization of a person into "human capital" is a necessary consequence of the establishment of the new European subject as a historiographic animal built into a machine, in modern times, which is defined by the idea of technology and become biopolitics.

References
[1] Foucault M. Sécurité, territoire, population, Paris, Gallimard, Seuil, 2004, 448 p. [In Russ.: Foucault M. Bezopasnost, territoriya, naselenie. Kurs lektsiy, prochitannyh v Kollezh de Frans v 1977–1978 uchebnom godu. St. Petersburg, Nauka Publ., 2011, 544 p.].
[2] Agamben G. Homo sacer. Sovereign power and bare life. Stanford, California, Stanford University Press, 1998, 228 p. [In Russ.: Agamben G. Homo sacer. Suverennaya vlast i golaya zhizn. Moscow, Evropa Publ., 2011, 256 p.].
[3] Agamben G. Homo sacer. State of Exception (Stato di eccezione). University of Chicago Press, 2005, 104 p. [In Russ.: Agamben G. Homo sacer. Chrezvychaynoe polozhenie. Moscow, Evropa Publ., 2011, 148 p.].
[4] Heidegger M. Ponderings VII–XI (Black Notebooks 1938–1939). Bloomington and Indianapolis, Indiana University Press, 2017, 370 p. [In Russ.: Heidegger M. Razmyshleniya VII–XI (Chernye tetradi 1938–1939). Moscow, Izd. Inst. Gaydara Publ., 2018, 528 p.].
[5] Heidegger M. Ponderings XII–XV (Black Notebooks 1939–1941). Bloomington and Indianapolis, Indiana University Press, 2017, 238 p. [In Russ.: Heidegger M. Razmyshleniya XII–XV (Chernye tetradi 1939–1941). Moscow, Izd. Inst. Gaydara Publ., 2020, 344 p.].
[6] Hofmeister H. Der Wille zum Krieg oder die Ohnmacht der Politik. Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht Verlag, Göttingen 2001, 160 p. [In Russ.: Hofmeister H. Volya k voyne, ili Bessilie politiki. Filosofsko-politicheskiy traktat. St. Petersburg, Gumanitarnaya Akademiya Publ., 2006, 288 p.].
[7] Lomako L.L., Maltsev K.G. Intellekt. Innovatsii. Investitsii — Intellect. Innovation. Investments, 2020, no. 4, pp. 70–80.
[8] Weber M. Politik als Beruf. Anaconda Verlag, 2014, 96 p. [In Russ.: Weber M. Politika kak prizvanie i professiya. In: Izbrannye proizvedeniya. Moscow, Progress Publ., 1990, pp. 644–706].
[9] Žižek S. Violence: six sideways reflections. New York, Picador, 2008, 272 p. [In Russ.: Žižek S. O nasilii. Moscow, Evropa Publ., 2010, 184 p.].
[10] North D., Wallis J., Weingast B. Violence and Social Orders: A Conceptual Framework for Interpreting Recorded Human History. Cambridge University Press, 2013, 346 p. [In Russ.: North D., Wallis J., Weingast B. Nasilie i sotsialnye poryadki. Kontseptualnye ramki dlya interpretatsii pismennoy istorii chelovechestva. Moscow, Izd. Inst. Gaydara Publ., 2011, 480 p.].
[11] Schmitt C. Legality and legitimacy. Duke University Press Books, 2004, 216 p. [In Russ.: Shmitt C. Legalnost i legitimnost. In: Gosudarstvo: Pravo i politika. Moscow, Territoriya buduschego Publ., 2013, pp. 221–306].
[12] Rawls J. Political Liberalism. New York, Columbia University Press, 1996, 525 р.
[13] Ankersmit F.R. Political Representation. Stanford University Press, 2002, 280 p. [In Russ.: Ankersmit F.R. Politicheskaya reprezentatsiya. Moscow, HSE Press, 2012, 288 p.].
[14] Elster J. Sour Grapes: Studies in the Subversion of Rationality. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2016, 192 p. [In Russ.: Elster J. Kisly vinograd: Issledovanie provalov ratsionalnosti. Moscow, Izd. Inst. Gaydara Publ., 2018, 296 p.].
[15] Bauman Z. Globalization: the human consequences. New York, Columbia University Press, 1998, 160 p. [In Russ.: Bauman Z. Globalizatsiya. Posledstviya dlya cheloveka i obshchestva. Moscow, Ves Mir Publ., 2004, 188 p.].
[16] Benjamin W. Zur Kritik der Gewalt. Vol. 2.1. Gesammelte Schriften. Frankfurt am Main, Suhrkamp, 1972–1989.
[17] Maltsev K.G., Maltseva A.V., Lomako L.L., Alaverdyan A.L. Ponyatie politicheskogo i «mirovoy besporyadok»: perspektivy soglasiya, voyny i globalnogo imperskogo poryadka [The concept of political and «world disorder»: perspectives of harmony, war and global imperial order]. Belgorod, BSTU named after V.G. Shukhov, 2020, 914 p.
[18] Heidegger M. Ponderings II–VI (Black Notebooks 1931–1938). Bloomington and Indianapolis, Indiana University Press, 2016, 400 p. [In Russ.: Heidegger M. Razmyshleniya II–VI (Chernye tetradi 1931–1938). Moscow, Izd. Inst. Gaydara Publ., 2016, 584 p.].
[19] Heidegger M. The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays New. York & London, Garland Publishing, Inc., 1977, 224 p. [In Russ.: Heidegger M. Vopros o tekhnike. In: Vremya i bytie: Stati i vystupleniya. Moscow, Respublika Publ., 1993, pp. 221–238].
[20] Maltsev K.G., Maltseva A.V. Izvestiya Yugo-Zapadnogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Ekonomika. Sociologiya. Menedzhment — Proceedings of South-West State University. Series Economy. Sociology. Management, 2020, no. 5, pp. 220–233.