Genealogy of Education: Social-Ontological Reflection

Education as a social sphere of human existence is examined by means of the philosophical method of genealogy aimed at revealing the origin, the beginning (ἀρχή) of social being and culture. Based on the analysis of the specificity of Friedrich Nietzsche’s philosophical method of genealogy, it is concluded that the beginning possesses a multiple and heterogeneous character. It is noted that the central concept of Nietzsche’s genealogy is competition (ἀγών), whose origins are rooted in nature and culture themselves — life and death, Apollo and Dionysus. Consequently, an ontological foundation for the existence of the ancient polis and for the organization of ancient education is provided by competition. The genealogy of the Pythagorean School is interpreted as a social institution of text culture, and two origins of its emergence are identified: science and mythological tradition. Through the interpretation of modernity, the insufficiency of the established view concerning the opposition between politics and freedom is demonstrated. H. Arendt’s standpoint is analyzed, and the conclusion is drawn that these concepts coincided in the ancient polis and in ancient paideia. It is shown that H. Arendt’s conception is complemented by M. Foucault’s archaeological and genealogical approach, through which the principal meaning of paideic culture is revealed by means of the concept of care of the self, in which the Other is always present. Owing to the social-ontological analysis of the origin of being, an original interpretation of the genealogical paradigm of education is proposed, allowing the human being to be considered in integrity with the world and in the unity of cultural and social relations. It is shown that this paradigm is aimed at understanding and communicative recognition of the Other as a pedagogy of dialogue. It is emphasized that the heterogeneity and pluralism of the origin of being are embodied in the unity of the natural and the social, the rational and the existential, the spiritual and the corporeal.

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