Phenomenological theory and its structure

Phenomenological theory appears to be a part of the scientific knowledge empirical level. Its objective includes cognitive activity in constructing the empirical (abstract) reality, its description and subsequent comparison with the two other realities: sensory and objective. A structure may be considered successful, if applied as a standard to sensory and objective reality, their partial content or functional identity with empirical reality are revealed. This identity is never absolutely complete, but only relative and approximate. The goal of the scientific knowledge empirical level lies in designing and constructing empirical (abstract) reality, its description and subsequent comparison with the sensory and objective reality. The project is considered successful, if using the empirical reality as a standard in assessing the sensory and objective reality results in their partial substantive and functional identity with the empirical reality. This identity is never absolutely complete, but only relative and approximate. A number of structural requirements to its product, i.e. the empirical knowledge, regulates empirical cognition in science. They include: most accurate description of observation and experimental data at the protocol sentence level, correct generalization of the protocol sentences in structuring the scientific facts, construction of such empirical laws that would have the maximum explanatory and predictive power, construction of a phenomenological theory as a reference theory in relation to sensory and objective reality.

EDN: ADZOAC

References
[1] Lebedev S.A. Konstruktivnaya priroda empiricheskogo znaniya v nauke [The constructive nature of empirical knowledge in science]. Sovremennye filosofskie issledovaniya — Contemporary Philosophical Research, 2023, no. 2, pp. 37–58.
[2] Lebedev S.A. Filosofiya, Metodologiya. Nauka. Izbrannye statyi [Philosophy, Methodology, Science. Selected papers]. Moscow, Prospekt Publ., 2023, 720 p.
[3] Lebedev S.A. Sovremennaya filosofiya nauki [Modern philosophy of science]. Moscow, Prospekt Publ., 2023, 312 p.
[4] Kamenev A.S. Sovremennoe estestvoznanie [Modern natural sciences]. Moscow, Vuzovskaya Kniga Publ., 2006, 716 p.
[5] Lebedev S.A. Filosofiya nauki [Philosophy of science]. Moscow, Yurayt Publ., 2011, 288 p.
[6] Lebedev S.A. Metodologiya nauki: problema induktsii [Methodology of science: the problem of induction]. Moscow, Alfa-M Publ., 2013, 192 p.
[7] Lebedev S.A. Urovnevaya metodologiya nauki [Level methodology of science]. Moscow, Prospekt Publ., 2020, 208 p.
[8] Polak L.S., ed. Variatsionnye printsipy mekhaniki [Variation principles in mechanics]. Moscow, Fizmatgiz Publ., 1959, 308 p.
[9] Newton I. Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, 1685 [In Russ.: Nyuton I. Matematicheskie nachala naturalnoy filosofii. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1989, 690 p.].
[10] Lebedev S.A., Borzenkov V.G., Lazarev F.V., Leskov L.V., et al. Filosofiya nauki. Obshchiy kurs [Philosophy of science. General course]. Moscow, Akademicheskiy Protsess Publ., 2004, 736 p.
[11] Belyi Yu.A. Iogann Kepler [Johannes Kepler]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1971, 295 p.
[12] Einshtein i anomaliya perigeliya Merkuriya [Einstein and the Mercury perihelion anomaly]. Dzen. Available at: https://dzen.ru/a/Y2zRGa6lkCqDStPn (accessed November 11, 2023).
[13] Lebedev S.A., Rubochkin V.A. Istoriya i filosofiya nauki [History and philosophy of science]. Moscow, Lomonosov MSU Publ., 2010, 196 p.