|

Standard design in housing construction in Moscow in the 1950–1970s: contradictions between architectural urban planning and the social tasks

Authors: Gorlov V.N. Published: 28.04.2025
Published in issue: #2(112)/2025  
DOI:  
Category: Noname  
Keywords: construction industrialization, standard design, architecture, urban construction, mass housing construction, economical apartments

The paper analyzes the state of standard design in housing construction in Moscow and considers approaches to its further development. It studies two main directions in the housing construction development in the mid-1950s: searching for the necessary stereotypes of a mass apartment and forming the large-element housing construction with the limited economy of the design solutions. The paper shows that the social tasks after alteration in the creative approach to the Soviet architecture pushed artistic problems of the architecture into the background, radically changed the design conditions, forced to concentrate efforts and attention on the construction industrialization and typification. It studies the standard design experience in Moscow during the period of mass housing construction, and analyzes contradictions between the architectural urban planning and social tasks of the state.

EDN  VBPUFO   


References
[1] Schusev A.V. Pereplanirovka Moskvy [Redevelopment of Moscow]. Zhilishchnoe tovarishchestvo, 1922, no. 7, pp. 9–11.
[2] Ginzburg M.Ya. Zhilishche (opyt pyatiletney raboty nad problemoy zhilishcha) [Housing (experience of five years of work on the housing problem]. Moscow, Gosudarstvennoe Nauchno-Tekhnicheskoe Izdatelstvo Stroitelnoy Industrii i Sudostroeniya, 1934, 192 p.
[3] Zholtovskiy I.V. Proekty i postroyki [Projects and constructions]. Moscow, Gosudarstvennoe Izdatelstvo Literatury po Stroitelstvu i Arkhitekture Publ., 1955, 157 p.
[4] Ryabushin A.V. Etapy razvitiya sovetskoy arkhitektury [Stages of development of the Soviet architecture]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1979, 59 p.
[5] Semyonov V.N. Kak planirovat i stroit Moskvu [How to plan and build Moscow]. Stroitelstvo Moskvy, 1932, no. 8, pp. 8–11.
[6] Sytin P.V. Istoriya planirovki i zastroyki Moskvy: Materialy i issledovaniya [History of Moscow planning and development: Materials and research]. Vol. 1. [B. m.]: [b. i.], 1950, vol. 1, 412 p.
[7] Posokhin M.V. Gorod dlya cheloveka [City for a man]. Moscow, APN Publ., 1973, 132 p.
[8] Hayt V.L. Ob arkhitekture, ee istorii i problemakh [About architecture, its history and problems]. Moscow, URSS Publ., 2003, 456 p.
[9] Repina E.A., Rybakova D.I. Chelovek i mikrorayon: problematika [A person and a residential district: perspective]. Innovative Project, 2016, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 70–71.
[10] Shagov N.V., Verevkina I.D., Koksharova E.A. Razvitie tipovogo zhilishchnogo stroitelstva v Sovetskoy Rossii s 1917 po 1940 g. [Development of standard housing in Soviet Russia from 1917 till 1940]. Vestnik MGSU, 2013, no. 4, pp. 22–31.
[11] Panteleev Yu.A. Tipovoe proektirovanie. XXI vek [Standardized design. XXI century]. Zhilishchnoe stroitelstvo — Housing Construction, 2015, no. 5, pp. 76–77.
[12] Ulko A.S., Yastrebova I.M. Standartizatsiya i tipizatsiya v otechestvennom zhilishchnom stroitelstve (1930–1950 gg.) [Standardization and typification in Russian residential housing construction (1930–1950)]. Architecture and Modern Information Technologies, 2020, no. 2, pp. 69–79.
[13] Lidin K.L., Meerovich M.G. Zhilishchnoe stroitelstvo 1950–1970 godov: balans kolichestva i kachestva [Housing of the 1950–1970s: the balance between quantity and quality]. Proekt Baikal — Project Baikal, 2021, no. 17, pp. 145–148.
[14] Orlov E.V., Suslo A.V. Istoriya razvitiya stroitelstva zhilogo panelnogo doma tipovoy serii P–44 [The history of the development of a residential panel house of the standard P–44 series]. Zhurnal istoricheskikh issledovaniy, 2021, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 3–7.
[15] Vasilyeva A.V. Optimalnyi tip zhilogo doma dlya massovogo stroitelstva v proektakh arkhitektorov pervoy i tretyey pyatiletok [The optimal type of house for mass construction in the projects of the architects of the first and the third five-year plans]. Academia. Arkhitektura i stroitelstvo — Academia. Architecture and Construction, 2015, no. 2, pp. 56–62.
[16] Danilova D.V. Tipovye proekty mnogokvartirnykh domov v 70-kh godakh XX veka v SSSR. [Standard projects of apartment buildings in the 70s of the 20th century in the USSR]. In: Novye nauchnye issledovaniya. Sbornik statey Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii [New scientific research. Collection of articles of the International scientific and practical conference]. Penza, MTsNS Nauka i Prosveschenie Publ., 2021, pp. 197–200.
[17] Kuznetsov S.O. N.S. Khrushchev i borba s izlishestvami v sovetskoy arkhitekture (1949–1954 gody) [N.S. Khrushchev and the struggle against excesses in Soviet architecture (1949–1954)]. Academia. Arkhitektura i stroitelstvo — Academia. Architecture and Construction, 2019, no. 3, pp. 5–10.
[18] Moyzer F., Zadorin D.E. K tipologii sovetskogo tipovogo domostroeniya [On typology of the Soviet standard housing construction]. Berlin, DOM Publishers, 2018, 447 p.
[19] Tkachenko S.B. Odin vek moskovskogo gradostroitelstva. Kn. 1. Moskva sovetskaya [One century of Moscow urban development. Book 1. Soviet Moscow]. Moscow, Progress-Traditsiya Publ., 2019, 376 p.
[20] Kolodnyi L.E. Tverskoy bulvar [Tverskoy Boulevard]. Moscow, Veche Publ., 2014, 432 p.
[21] Tsentralnyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Moskvy (TsGA Moskvy) [Central State Archive of Moscow (CSA of Moscow)]. F. P–4, op. 45, d. 27, l. 2.
[22] Taranov E.V. Partiynyi gubernator Moskvy Georgiy Popov [Party Governor of Moscow Georgy Popov]. Moscow, Izdatelstvo Glavarkhiva Moskvy, 2014, 382 p.
[23] Kalish V.G. Kompozitsiya ansamblya zhilykh domov [Composition of the residential buildings ensemble]. Arkhitektura i stroitelstvo, 1947, no. 5, pp. 17–19.
[24] TsGA Moskvy [CSA of Moscow]. F. P–4, op. 91, d. 21, l. 193.
[25] TsGA Moskvy [CSA of Moscow]. F. P–4, op. 91, d. 1, l. 1.
[26] TsGA Moskvy [CSA of Moscow]. F. P–4, op. 151, d. 34, l. 11.
[27] TsGA Moskvy [CSA of Moscow]. F. P–4, op.111, d. 8, l. 219.
[28] TsGA Moskvy [CSA of Moscow]. F. P–4, op. 88, d. 18, l. 195.
[29] Zholtovskiy I.V. O nekotorykh printsipakh krupnopanelnogo domostroeniya [On some principles of large-panel housing construction]. Arkhitektura SSSR, 1953, no. 7, pp. 6–8.
[30] TsGA Moskvy [CSA of Moscow]. F. P–4, op. 102, d. 8, l. 30, 31.
[31] Ob ustranenii izlishestv v proektirovanii i stroitelstve. Postanovlenie TsK KPSS i Soveta Ministrov SSSR 4 noyabrya 1955 g. [On the elimination of excesses in design and construction. Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR of November 4, 1955]. Pravda, November 10, 1955, p. 1.
[32] TsGA Moskvy [CSA of Moscow]. F. P–4, op. 97, d. 18, l. 43.
[33] TsGA Moskvy [CSA of Moscow]. F. P–4, op. 91, d. 6, l. 155.
[34] TsGA Moskvy [CSA of Moscow]. F. P–4, op. 102, d. 1, l. 147.
[35] 9-y kvartal. Opytno-pokazatelnoe stroitelstvo zhilogo kvartala v Moskve (rayon Novye Cheremushki) [9th quarter. Pilot-demonstration construction of a residential quarter in Moscow (Novye Cheremushki district)]. Moscow, Gosstroyizdat Publ., 1959, 288 p.
[36] Puti realizatsii stroitelnoy programmy [Ways to implement the construction program]. Pravda, December 28, 1963, p. 1.
[37] Samodaev E.T. Za dalnejshiy progress stroitelstva i rekonstruktsii Moskvy [For further progress in construction and reconstruction of Moscow]. Arkhitektura SSSR, 1964, no. 8, pp. 1–4.
[38] TsGA Moskvy [CSA of Moscow]. F. P–4, op. 131, d. 13, l. 36-39.
[39] TsGA Moskvy [CSA of Moscow]. F. P–4, op. 131, d. 13, l. 44.
[40] TsGA Moskvy [CSA of Moscow]. F. P–4, op. 119, d. 9, l. 187-188.
[41] TsGA Moskvy [CSA of Moscow]. F. P–4, op. 144, d. 10, l. 92.