Collective intelligence as the basis of modern creativity

The study deals with an applied aspect of creativity concerning the idea of collective intelligence, specifically how certain creativity aspects defined by Ellis Paul Torrance manifest in the following examples: a number of virtual communities, smart mobs as a chaotic system possessing intelligence, and the concept of the so-called "digital battlefield". In particular, we studied the criteria of fluency, flexibility, originality and the degree to which system activity results are developed, as well as how resistant the systems are to external short-circuiting. We describe the reasons why various collective intelligence structures thrive, said reasons being the advancement of communication technology and emergence of virtual reality networks, along with their effect on the characteristics of group creativity. We classify network communities according to their functions: startup funding platforms, portals and melting pots.

References
[1] Slavin B., ed. Rozhdenie kollektivnogo razuma: o novykh zakonakh setevogo sotsiuma i setevoy ekonomiki i ob ikh vliyanii na povedenie cheloveka. Velikaya transformatsiya tretego tysyacheletiya [The birth of the collective intelligence: on the new laws of web-based society and economics and on their effect on human behaviour. The great transformation of the 3rd millennium]. Moscow, LENAND Publ., 2014, 288 p.
[2] Torrance E.P. Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. Bensenville, Scholastic Testing Service, 1974.
[3] Millar G.W. E. Paul Torrance. The Creativity Man: an Authorized Biography. Norwood, Ablex, 1995, 387 p.
[4] ЕdX. Free online courses from the best world’s universities. Available at: https://www.edx.org/ (accessed January 20, 2017).
[5] Rheingold H. Smart Mobs: The Next Social Revolution. New York, Basic Books, 2002, 288 p. [In Russ.: Rheingold H. Umnaya tolpa: novaya sotsialnaya revolyutsiya. Moscow, FAIR PRESS, 2006, 416 p.].
[6] Twitter. What’s happening? Available at: https://www.twitter.com/ (accessed January 20, 2017).
[7] Kickstarter. Available at: https://www.kickstarter.com/ (accessed January 21, 2017).
[8] Bezumnaya aviatsiya [Crazy aviation]. LiveJournal.com. Available at: http://ru-wunderluft.livejournal.com (accessed January 23, 2017).
[9] DeviantArt. Available at: https://www.deviantart.com/ (accessed January 21, 2017).
[10] Forum igr serii V tylu vraga [Men of War video game series fan forum]. Cnews.ru. Available at: http://live.cnews.ru/forum/index.php?showforum=127 (accessed January 23, 2017).
[11] Vasilev A. Tsifrovoe pole boya [Digital battlefield]. Voennoe obozrenie [Military review]. Available at: https://topwar.ru/33003-cifrovoe-pole-boya.html (accessed November 18, 2016).